As you play thought vault hunters and your quests you will be introduced to different types of gear.
These are worn or used by the player to buff their stats.
Trinkets - Buffs the player
Armour - Shield, Wand, Focus, Helmets, Chest, Legs and Boots - Protects and buffs the player/
Weapons - Sword, Axe
God Charms - Provides additional Stats to the player
See also: Uniques